Christopher Morley Essay

On Christopher Morley’s â€Å"On Laziness†, he presents the topic of laziness, persuading his audience about the allure indolence through rhetorical effect and appeal to human nature. Slothfulness, which is typically regarded as a weakness or sin, is transformed into a means to â€Å"enlightened† living using rhetorical effect. As an essayist on laziness, Morley presents his subject to the audience in the didactic and amicable tone, using a sophisticated dictation to provide style. Morley advertises the attractiveness of laziness by appealing to some of society’s greatest desire: relief from responsibility, respect, happiness, and enlightenment. Similar to the styles of propagandist advertisers in unSpun, in his essay Chris Morley is able to guarantee the readers something valuable for nothing, or rather from doing nothing. As the common man, the writer achieves this scheme by being able to communicate with the common man, knowing their own traits and quims for his own. The tone of â€Å"On Laziness† is shrewd, yet friendly, like a wise mentor spreading his doctrines to benefit his pupils. Morley sluggish philosophy is a relative ideology, seen in even contemporary society today, i.e. â€Å"Hakuna Matata,† the popularized Swahili phrase (made famous from The Lion King,) directly translating, â€Å"No worries.† In addition, in spite of the vintage publication date (1920s), Morley use of prosaic anecdotes can be identified with the common man of any decade, â€Å"the bustling man†¦ who is asked to solve the problems of other people and neglect his own.† â€Å"People respect laziness.† In this statement, indolence’s character is established and given an irrefutable, and admirable reputation. Everything knows about laziness, but this essay rather done condoning it, celebrates this human trait by exclaiming how the happiest men are often the laziest. Morley uses articulate vocabulary in his diction, using the eloquence of his speech to manipulate the audience into believing that the subject to whom he presents is as sophisticated and intelligent as his language. Christopher Morley further achieves his purpose by employing rhetorical effect, the means of persuasive speech that is established through linguistic appeals, logos- logic; ethos- character; and pathos emotion; Christopher emphasizes on the two latter rhetoric aspects, ethos and pathos. â€Å"Doctor Johnson, who was one if the greatest philosophers, was lazy.† Simply by mentioning the title, â€Å"Doctor†, Morley immediately establishes credibility, because who wouldn’t trust a doctor? Also, it is noticeable to see how Morley instantly links philosophy with laziness, inspiring a type of revered thoughtfulness that is linked with philosophers. Additionally, the â€Å"immortal Biography,† just like the Bible or the Torah or the Quran, merely capitalizing a letter creates a reverence relatable to sacred texts. â€Å"One should be careful to distinguish laziness from dignified repose.† Through quoting the words of O. Henry, the essayist further establishes ethos, connecting his own concept in a shared conviction with that a famous and talented writer. â€Å"On Laziness† also appeals to pathos in some of society’s most desired objectives, enlightenment, happiness, and relaxation. In an almost marketing sales- esque pitch, the writer implies that one’s state of torpor, which is attainable into any human psyche, can guarantee these qualities. Christopher Morley’s essay, â€Å"On Laziness,† rebuttals the dubiousness purpose of languor, showing the audience how this subject can eliminate the stress and trouble in our lives, by simply expanding on what we’ve naturally experienced and long for once again. This syntax of this document appeals to some of denizen’s longing to become enlightenment philosophers, laziness being such an enticing road to becoming so without actually doing any walking. The â€Å"acquired laziness,† though matter how much of an oxymoron it may sound like, is by Morley’s definition, a determined way of life, not by lack of strength or resolution, but as a premeditated choice.

Othello Literary Essay

Othello Literary Essay Although Emilia is not the protagonist of the play, her role is very important in Othello. Through her conversations with Desdemona and Iago, we develop a finer understanding of their characters. She plays as a catalyst when stealing Desdemona's handkerchief, and exploits Iago's villainy. Through Emilia, we see Iago's personality better. Iago's sneering attitude towards his wife and women in general shows the lack of respect and low opinion he has for them. When he says â€Å"Come on, come on. You are pictures out of doors, bells in your parlours, wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and housewives in your beds† (2. 1. 109-112) Iago is stating that Emilia is a whore who inflicts injuries on others, but puts on an appearance of innocence. In response of learning Iago's view of women, we learn that Emilia's cynical view of men is they â€Å"are all but stomachs, and we are all but food. They eat us hungrily, and when they are full, the belch us† (3. 4. 100-101). By this quote, we see how Emilia perceives men to use women for their own needs and then get rid of them. She openly admits to Desdemona in act 4, scene 3, that women should be equal to men, instead of seen as possessions and objects under their control. From her close relationship with Desdemona, we learn that she is really the honest and sweet woman she known to be. This helps us know that what Iago says to Othello are lies and makes her death even more tragic. Her loveless marriage with Iago is the mirror image of Desdemona and Othello's relationship. Therefore, it enhances the love and intimacy in their marriage. Emilia's major contribution in Othello is when she steals the handkerchief for her husband, Iago. When Emilia sees the handkerchief fall, she immediately picks it up, which is a major development, in not only Iago's plot, but also the plot of the play, and says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times woo'd me to steal it† (3. 3. 292-293). This shows that even though Emilia is cynical, she still wants to please her husband. Emilia knows this was the first gift Othello had given to Desdemona and means to give it back. Emilia says she will â€Å"have the work ta'en out and give't Iago† (3. 3. 296-297). Meaning she would have the handkerchief copied and given the copy to Iago, despite not knowing the purpose he wants it for. Unfortunately, she doesn’t have the chance to carry out her plan because Iago appears and snatches it from her. She protests â€Å"If it be not for some purpose of import, give't me again: poor lady, she'll run mad when she shall lack it† (3. 3. 316-318). Iago then, very rudely, tells her to keep her mouth shut and sends her away. Stealing the handkerchief is not only a dramatic moment in Othello, but a very important one, too. If Emilia had not found this handkerchief, Iago would not have been able to devise his plan. Being that he uses the handkerchief as evidence to convince Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio by dropping the handkerchief in his chamber. Emilia is oblivious to the fact that because of her single, wrongful act towards her mistress, Desdemona, she has sent herself and many other characters in the play to their death. From the little bit of Emilia that we see – or read – in the play, she is very obedient, as a Renaissance woman should be. But, as the play progresses, she finally shows a turn of character and becomes a strong and courageous woman. The last scene is when she is most authentically herself as she defends Desdemona, who is murdered on her bed by her husband Othello. Despite threats from Othello, she calls for help, and denounces Iago by saying â€Å"You told a lie, an odious, damned lie; upon my soul, a lie, a wicked lie. She false with Cassio! Did you say with Cassio? (5. 2. 180-182) when he entered the chamber with Montano, Lodovico, Gratiano, and Cassio. Iago continuously tells her to charm her tongue, but she will, with courage â€Å"speak as liberal as the north† (5. 2. 220). In a desperate attempt to save himself Iago commands Emilia to go home when she replies with â€Å"Good gentlemen, let me have leave to speak; 'tis proper I obey him, but not now. Perchance, Iago, I will ne'er go home† (5. 2. 195-197). Othello, trying to recover himself, explains to Gratiano the handkerchief he found in Cassio's hands. At the mention of the handkerchief, Emilia confesses â€Å"O thou dull Moor! That handkerchief thou speak'st of I found by fortune and did give my husband† (5. . 225-226). At this point, Othello knows he's been lied to. Iago stabs Emilia and escapes. Emilia is crucial because she is the only one that sees Iago for who he truly is, and because of Emilia's honesty and bravery, Othello knows he has committed an unlawful death. To sum up, Emilia is important because of the relationships she builds with other cha racters in the play, more importantly with Desdemona, which Iago exploits to use to his advantage and her unknowing help of stealing the handkerchief plays a critical role in his scheme.

Why was it is necessary to replace GATT 1947 what are the main Essay

Why was it is necessary to replace GATT 1947 what are the main differences between GATT 1947 and the WTO Do you think that the - Essay Example .................................................................... 5 Interim Commission for the International Trade Organisation (1947-1994).......5 Review Session (1950s)....................................................................................... 6 European Economic Community (EEC) (1957).................................................. 6 Multifibre Arrangements (MFA-I through MFA-IV).......................................... 6 The Uruguay Round (1993-1994)....................................................................... 8 Multilateral Investment Agreement (MIA) (1996)............................................... 9 U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy .............................................................. 9 Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)............................................................................10 WTO’s Articles III and IV.....................................................................................10 Converting GATT 1947 to WTO Introduction The GATT was formed by states with a decisive idea of the co-operation that was required to promote economic development and modernisation. Even though the idea required an International Trade Organisation (ITO), the GATT was also able to achieve the goals of the original participants.1 It was, to a certain extent, efficient trade-liberalising machinery. The removal of QRs by developed nations in the aftermath of World War II was confined under its control, and excise taxes were cut down considerably.2 Barriers to trade, as of the 1970s, in the form of quotas and tariffs had weakened radically in value3, and governments were beset by the trade-misleading features of other economic strategies. The first five decades of GATT’s existence has a close resemblance to a product’s lifecycle. In the beginning market growth is sluggish, as the public become used to it. This is pursued by a phase of drastic improvement of market productivity and share as the pro duct launches.4 In the developed or third phase, growth stabilises but profits remain elevated. In the last stage profits start to drop. Core marketing theory informs us that by the third phase a company had to create a new product in order to thrive and survive.5 In the case of GATT, the stages of take off and maturity took place in the 1950s and the 1960s.6 This was the time when the greatest development was accomplished in terms of trade liberalisation. The demand for the products of GATT had stabilised by the 1970s.7 An effort was made to branch out into new markets by moving to non-tariff barriers (NTB), but this move was not quite productive. Indecisive strategies were implemented to deal with trade-related national regulations, but development was sluggish.8 The GATT-1947, with the formation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), was converted into an organisation, and its expanse was considerably enlarged.9 Hence, the important issues to be addressed here are: (1) why was it necessary to replace GATT 1947? (2) What are the main differences between GATT 1947 and the WTO? (3) Is WTO an improvement, if so, why? In addressing these issues it is helpful to analyse briefly several of the major developments that took place in the world economy in the twentieth century. From GATT 1947 to WTO GATT was not officially a global organisation, specifically, an official unit in its own right. GATT is an inter-governmental agreement. Hence, GATT had contracting participants rather than member states.10 This transformed with the formation of an international organisation that governs multilateral contracts concerning trade in goods, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPs), and trade in services (GATS): the WTO.11 The different treaties governed by the WTO are between customs territories

English SLP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English SLP 5 - Essay Example Following are the highlights of my related skills and qualification: BE Mechanics. MBA Operations Management. 7 years of experience in textile industry where my core job responsibilities were to maintain production plants, analysis of production reports and procurement of new machinery. 5 years of experience in cement industry where I joined as an operations manager. Here my basic responsibility was to look after the existing facility. I have been concerned about location design, selection and maintenance of facility as part of my current job. Operations managers are critically required to assist all the business activities while ensuring the smooth flow of input, process and output (Greasley, 2008). As per the requirement of United States Steel Corporation, I possess sound understanding of location management and hence I will prove beneficial for your organization in terms of future strategic decisions and facility planning. Effective and efficient planning is the core component of achieving competitive advantage because it outlines the fundamental goals and objectives while giving an execution procedure to the company (Arnold, et. al., 2011). I have good communication skills which are essential for managers. Moreover, I can perform exceptionally well in terms of generating electronic reports and analyzing data. Computer skills including preparation of data sheets, online research and data interpretation are the sole responsibilities of an operations manager at US Steel Mill and I can surely perform well on all these job related tasks. Professionally I am very flexible and available to work at different schedules. The operations manager is required to perform distinctive job responsibilities and I can effectively manage different tasks simultaneously. Hence I will prove productive for the organization due to my huge experience in different industries and also because of my critical thinking and quick analysis. I can efficiently meet short deadlines without com promising on the quality of work. Moreover, I can coordinate with other departments including sales, marketing, human resource, finance, accounting etc. In addition to this I work with due consideration to the ethical code of conduct while refraining from breach of law. This can be further verified from my enclosed certificates and awards received from my past experience. I can surely benefit the organization in different ways while maintaining its prestige and reputation in society. I am looking forward to serve you through all possible ways while utilizing my skills and abilities. Enclosed is my resume for your consideration. Sincerely, [Name] E-mail to Mother Dear Mom, I am excited to inform you that United States Steel Corporation is now offering a vacancy in operations department. It was my dream to serve the US steel mill as an operations manager and hence I immediately sent my resume and all other related documents. The Human Resource Manager has called me for an interview on this Friday at the Steel Mill Headquarters and therefore I will leave today by the evening. Although my dream is about to get fulfilled yet I am worried about your response because after shifting there I would not be able to meet you every Sunday nor I would be able to have random conversions with others at home. Surely I will miss the precious family time we spend together.

North Korea Nuclear Threat Briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

North Korea Nuclear Threat Briefing - Essay Example Bomb experts say that nuclear explosives have the ability to cause devastating effects to the human body. These nuclear explosives also have adverse effects on the environment. Many might wonder why North Korea is involved in the nuclear programs. Well, the answer is straightforward. North Korea is rich in uranium. Reports analysis show that North Korea maintains up to four million tons of exploitable uranium ore of exceptionally high quality. This availability of the uranium ore in plenty gives North Korea the witch hand to make nuclear explosives. This can be argued to be a natural urge. It is hard to deny that if any other country were sitting where North Korea is, it would not be involves in nuclear power in one way or another. In around the 1960s, North Korea is reported to have established a large-scale atomic energy research complex. This research complex was located in Yongbyon and its main function was to train nuclear specialists from the students who had taken their studie s from the Soviet Union. In October 2006, North Korea conducted an underground nuclear explosive test that is estimated to have yielded less than a kiloton. This is despite the fact that North Korea had signed an agreement with the United States of America in October 1994 that they would freeze all its existing nuclear programs. In the agreement, North Korea also agreed to adhere to the enhanced International Atomic energy Agency (IAEFA) safeguards. Other details that were agreed on by both countries were; both countries would work to move towards the total normalization of economic and political relations, both North Korea and U.S.A would work   together to promote peace and security towards a nuclear-free Korean peninsula among other agreements. (Von Hippel 126). The political class in North Korea too has been a significant influence in the country’s motivation towards making nuclear explosives. It is reported that Pyongyang faces and confronts quite a number of both inte rnal and external security problems. This perceived threats push the urge for North Korea to seek its own reliable measures of defense. It is understandable that it resorts to nuclear power, and with readily available uranium, as a proactive measure to counter this security threats. The fact that North Korea is surrounded by weighty superpowers does not make the situation any better. The Korean peninsula has also been subject of numerous invasions over the past years. These experiences profoundly influence the perception of the political and ruling elite to develop advanced and quite dependable weaponry systems, and nuclear explosives for this matter. By doing this, North Korea is not only sure of its own internal security, but also capable of countering any external attack it may face (Bermudez 75). The political history between North Korea and the United States of America is another factor that motivates North Korea to resort to nuclear explosives. The American military forces   have been stationed in South Korea since the 1950s,   to eliminate chances of a North Korean invasion across the 38th parallel. All the North Koreans have been drilled that the Americans invaded their country on that date. The political leader of North Korea then, Marshall Kim II, repulsed the invasion during the victorious Fatherland Liberation War’. Ever since then, the North Korean media has persistently provided extensive reports of the U.S

With reference to Bourdieus theory of distinction and other relevant Essay - 2

With reference to Bourdieus theory of distinction and other relevant theorists on social class, give a detailed example of how a specific habitus shapes consumer behaviour - Essay Example In general, however, the individual consumer’s choice is constrained by their society through indirect and direct influences. One of the most salient influences of consumer behaviour regarding what they eat is social class. Bourdieu (2011: p32) takes particular interest in how food and culinary preferences factor into social distinction, which he refers to as the individual’s attempt to act in a specific way in order for members of their own class to accept them, as well as how social class tailors consumptive habits consciously to be different from other classes. Therefore, taste is not only affected by demand and supply, natural inclinations or mere preferences, or even considerations of functionality or economics, but results from an interplay of multiple, complex factors. Habitus, in the sociological context, is defined as the distinctive lifestyle of a people, which is demonstrated by adherence to routine daily life activities that define their affiliation in the social class order. Particularly, habitus pertains to natural behaviours instead of mere affectations, although Lantos (2015: p48) argues that behaviours should be influenced for a period of time prior to them becoming natural. Habitus is the natural way of doing or acting, to which the individual is predisposed to make specific choices and from which they could deviate in specific situations. Rather being a matter of compulsion or deliberation, the habitus involves choosing to do what, under normal conditions, seems reasonable and obvious. Social class, as well as associations with others in closed groups, is one of the fundamental factors involved in developing habitus. Therefore, although a common labour worker could develop tastes for caviar and Cristal, he is not likely to encounter th em during interactions within their specific social class and circles due to the fact that they are not available for this income level. Referencing Weber and Marx, Kopetz et al.

Human Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Human Development - Essay Example Pavlov’s research indicated that behaviors could be learned via conditioned associations. The learning process was argued to have grounds on which environmental stimulus and naturally occurring stimulus could be associated (Watson 6). Therefore, this means that the focus of behaviorism is purely on the idea that human behavior is acquired as a result of interaction with the environment (Berger 2005). In regard to contribution of behaviorism to my development, it is apparent that behaviorism played a key part in dictating my current personality. Having been brought up in rural areas, most of the behaviors of the rural people were vested on me because I always interacted with them. The rural school setting is different from urban school setting. We used to travel for long distances to school and believed that schooling is a difficult task that one has to strive to achieve. Nevertheless, this was instrumental to me because I have always worked hard to achieve my desires. This is contrary to urban people who are brought up in urban settings. They have little struggles because the life in the urban is a bit comfortable than the life in the rural settings. This is equally the same case to children brought up in wealthy families and those that are brought up in rural settings. The personality of these two groups of people is wide owing to the lifestyle that they are exposed to. It is argued that people brought up in areas where crime is prevalent tend to adapt to criminal behaviors. Most people who engage in crime are either due to the influence of drugs or as a result of poverty. Since such people have little they can do to change their lives, they resort to crime and drugs as a way of either reducing stress or use crime as a way of earning a living. Hence, it is true to stipulate that the environment that such people find themselves in influences their character so that they can fit in it. Theory of cognitive development was pioneered by Jean Piaget who

Systemic Lupus Erethematotus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Systemic Lupus Erethematotus - Essay Example SLE is a chronic, inflammatory, prototypic, systemic autoimmune disease affecting connective tissues such as skin, joints along with kidney and serosal membranes. Researches available indicate an environmental cause, which leads to development of the disease in individuals genetically predisposed and therefore vulnerable to it. However, the disease epidemiology is incompletely understood (Rahman & Isenberg, 2008). The disease involves the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self antigens including DNA, nuclear proteins as well as cytoplasmic components. The disease therefore is characterized by inflammation, vasuclitis, vasculopathy. Further, a deposition of the immune complex especially in the renal glomeruli leads to a systemic inflammatory response through activation of complement (C5), or of Fc{gamma}R-mediated neutrophil and macrophages. While the activation of former leads to formation of membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) or anaphylatoxin and cell activator C5a; that of latter causes release of oxidants and proteases; both leading to injury (KEGG, 2009). The mechanism of the disease development has been proposed to involve an abnormal apoptosis followed by elevated levels of cell death and immune intolerance. Cellular antigen redistribution to the cell surface coupled with lymphocytes targeting them leads to injury and inflammation (Andrade et al., 2000). Diagnosis of SLE is based on the detection of high levels of antinuclear and other antibodies in the blood along with symptoms of SLE. The techniques used for the detection include urinalysis, CBC, ESR, complement levels, ANA (antinuclear antibody test) and other antibody tests, skin and kidney biopsy along with quarterly follow ups. The treatment involves control of disease symptoms and is determined by the severity of the symptoms. Acute SLE involving CNS,

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Integrated Marketing Communications - Essay Example In addition, the modern day consumer prefers an easy, effective and accurate marketing mix that would make their product selection easier. Apple Company is ranked 5th in the 2014 Fortune 500 List. The success of Apple is mainly attributed to the quality of their products. However, Seitel (2011) is of the assumption that the marketing strategies employed by Apple have been of significant impact on the success of the company. The author further points out that the quality of Apple’s products requires integrated marketing communication strategy that would increase awareness of the products in the market (Seitel, 2011). Apple has realized this requirement and developed marketing systems that have increased the ability of its target market to understand its products. This has increased the competitive nature of the company. What are the three most significant IMC tactics used by apple? Are the tactics effective and responsible for the success of the company? The first integrated marketing tool used by Apple is online marketing. Seitel (2011) asserts that Apple has maximized its effectiveness in creating an online marketing platform. For this reason, the tool has been developed to suit the requirement by the market. If one makes a simple internet search for Apple on Google, a massive number of hits are provided that provide a direct link to the Apple website. This makes it easy for a person to learn more about the company. In addition, a consumer is able to search for a specific set of information on the company and a link would be provided to the information required. This has increased the accessibility level of the company. Moreover, the company website is a significant marketing tool. The website is a massive source of information on its products and the company. Significant information provided on the website are information on new products, video manual on how to use

QUALITIES AND ROLES OF A PRIMARY TEACHER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QUALITIES AND ROLES OF A PRIMARY TEACHER - Essay Example ents with a sense of imagination, while ensuring that there is enough discipline maintained in the classroom for the pupils to channel their enthusiasm and ideas productively. The teacher monitors the progress of the pupils, while preparing them for their SATs (Standard Assessment Tasks). Thus, his/her role involves nurturing the students as well challenging them to build upon their learnt skills and acquire newer ones at the same time. This is no mean task and, for the teacher to ensure that s/he is able to fulfil it, the teacher must not only be able to build a repertoire with the pupils, but also with the parents of the pupils. The teacher must, therefore, be patient and understanding with regards to the pupils as well as sympathetic when it comes to the parents of the pupils and their expectations. The teacher should also be organised and disciplined, ensuring that the curriculum objectives are met in his/her lessons. S/he should be flexible enough to allow his/her pupils to develop optimally with regard to their ages, abilities and individual aptitudes. Thus, s/he should be someone who can easily identify the strong as well as the weak points of the pupils, and work so that the strengths of the pupils are enhanced, and the weaknesses strengthened. I find that I am a good candidate for the task; I have been trained as a nursery nurse, having had the experience of working with children of various ages. I have acquired enough skills to be able to deal effectively with children as well as their parents. I have also shadowed primary teachers many times, both previously in my home town and recently as well. Moreover, I have also worked for two weeks in a primary school. All these experiences have taught me a lot, and I feel up to the task of becoming a primary school teacher

Topshop Case Essay Example for Free

Topshop Case Essay Introduction A company that’s does business domestically and internationally runs on strong values and foundations. Whenever the thought comes up, of opening up a franchise in a new location, it becomes mandatory for research to be done. The research intensifies when the franchise is supposed to be open in a new country. The following report will give an in depth analysis of the popular clothing retail company â€Å"Topshop† as it would assess the company and   shed light on where the corporation stands now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The report would also indicate the marketing possibilities of the company of opening up its franchise in Thailand based on assertive theories and research. This would help assimilate about the company’s future motive of continuous prosperity. Company Profile Topshop is one of the leading retail clothing and apparel store for men and women in the world. It success and attribution in UK is very high. Topshop is an apparel retail group of Arcadia owned by Sir Philip Green. Topshop operates more than 300 stores in United Kingdom itself and boast of more than 50 outlets in other countries. Its 90,000 square foot store in London at Oxford circus is an iconic store on its own. The organization has a website from which it takes thousands of orders every day. ‘Topshop is the fashion destination on the British high street. Selling an average of 30 pairs of knickers a minute, 6,000 pairs of jeans a day and 35,000 pairs of shoes every week, its an unrivalled, iconic brand. Blending cutting edge style with purse-friendly prices, Topshop attracts women from their teens to the 40s searching for a weekly fashion fix’ (Topshop).    Company Mission    ‘Our core values relating to any of our activities are integrity, dialogue, transparency, excellence and innovation’  Ã‚   (Topshop). Company Portfolio    Topshop has the best ranged street clothing Great Britain. It has a varied collection of tops, dresses, shoes, knitwear, outerwear, skirt, trousers, accessories, jewellery, lingerie, nightwear and many on hand latest dresses by the famous designers. Financial performance and management    The company after being launched had always done substantial business, by the early 1990’s there was a major dip business. The Topshop was addressed with names and was reckoned to fail. Jane Shepherdson joined the company at a basic level and with hardwork and talent she climbed up the ladder of success ultimately becoming a brand director in the year 1999. Under her guidance and arc, the company blossomed and started having a massive turnover of  £500million of the entire Topshop outlets. Currently Jane Shepherdson has resigned form the post and Kate Moss is now responsible for running the creative designing part. The above graph represents an estimated dip in sales of Topshop from the year 2005 to 2007.The above figures is in Pounds and represent in millions. Price    Topshop price is mid ranged and has a very affordable line of clothing and accessories Marketing Strategy    Topshop has a very definite ‘hit’ marketing strategy.   It believes in conceptualizing the ‘in thing’, in fashion. It basically works on a strategy that takes has high speed and development technique. The following will give a hint of the marketing strategy occupied by Topshop: ‘Young celebrities style themselves in a way that’s moved on to the next season. A year ago when Sienna Miller wore that gilet, we had to pull them forward fast and bump up the order. If you’re in the fashion business, you have to be fast to take the risk out of it. Part of (our success) was that we brought a lot of our production closer to home. We source about 60% of it from Eastern Europe now as opposed to the Far East’ (Jasmine Smith 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The above piece indicates that, Topshop uses a strategy which is based on celebrities and also which is considered as one of the running things in the fashion industry. Also it produces a similar line and range which goes around as the latest gimmick, and all this is manufactured in Eastern European countries which is logistically faster to reach the stores and outlets in Great Britain. Promotion    Topshop using a very street smart strategy doesn’t really have to stress on its promotion much. Time and again it associates themselves with celebrities and all they do is showcase their product in magazines and newspapers. Also already having carved a niche as a brand that promotes the ‘in fashion’, buyers flock into stores and its outlets and it has been seen a no. of times that the fashion stock get purchased in a matter of hours. Also Topshop’s product marketing through has been considered as one of the biggest hit promotional scheme for the company, as it seen thousands of female buyers associating with the brand purchase merchandise online itself. Selling Ambience    Topshop’s outlet and stores have a pretty decent ambience, that entices customers and the feel good factor is shelved in them by the color scheming of the interiors. Its 4 storied monstrous and elegant store at Oxford Circus is magnificently built to lure customers. Topshop’s major shop is also its website, which also is very smartly developed and the customer seeing the verified credentials of purchasing safely, makes the customer feel safe, which is one of its reasons of having thousands of orders to fulfill via the internet.    Topshop’s unique merchandise    Topshop has always founds ways of alluring customers of all fronts. It has gained expertise in making maximum profits by targeting females of all ages and sizes. One of the most unique collections of Topshop is its maternity collection, where popular designs of the store are tailored for pregnant females. It is a unique concept in wooing pregnant females and their range for them is also considered to be one of the best. Topshop also has a very unique collection known as ‘vintage’, which highly reciprocates the collection of the yesteryears, thus providing customers with a choice of clothes between today and yesterday. The biggest hit concept is however the â€Å"tall and petite†, concept, where an entire line is devised for tall and short women. Also the organization is one of the very few in the world who along with clothing line have a very standard and fashionable line of shoes, whose range changes every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This unique merchandise has made Topshop a hot favorites amongst people, and because of this diversity, customers have a very high rating for the store. Topshop Staff    Topshop’s strength can be assessed because of its staff. The company’s employees are the biggest boost, when the customer approaches the store, it is these employees who treat them equally and since they have a certain amount of fashion knowledge; they suggest and help customers to choose products from the store. Also with ever pleasing personalities, they help customers during rushes and are look after giving customer refreshments, when the buyer is scanning through the company’s products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A happy staff can be considered as the pioneer of any company and since the company has very transparent rules for promotion, the staff at Topshop becomes more working as they know that higher performances can bag them upper jobs in the company, of which Jane Shepherdson is a prime example, as she had joined the company on entry level and she got opportunities to ultimately become a brand director of the organization. Customer Segmentation    Topshop because of its all time varied clothes line and shoe range, it has a very solid customer background which can be demographically stated from teenage to females above 40s. However a correct demo graph cannot be branded as the no. of females who buy from the company is a lot more than one can imagine. Its high brand awareness and positive strategy has actually not spared many females in the United Kingdom who haven’t ventured into Topshop even one once.    Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Has a sound reputation in the market Lack of financial planning   Can diversify into more new ventures Could distract from core business Topshop till now has been operating in more than 30 countries. Till date it has had a successful stint with its franchises in other countries and to confirm it as one of the leading members of the worldwide retail industry, it becomes mandatory for companies of Topshop’s ability to keep increasing its franchises and explore its product into new countries. In the following part of the report, it will be seen of Topshop’s future in Bangkok and its marketing capacity will be assessed for this venture. Bangkok    Bangkok, the capital of Thailand is one of the leading metropolitan cities of the world. It is often considered as one a city with high amount of tourists and an empowering nightlife. Bangkok is considered to be the gateway of Asia and is a unique mixture of development and tourism. Bangkok market    The city is famous for high purchase of clothing and along with the locals, the foreigners who visit the place too shop for clothes. The clothing retail sector still relatively is untapped for bigger names like Topshop, though merchandise of most of big names is available in the city. Topshop’s marketing mission    The company has a marketing mission to enhance and produce their goods in all parts of the world. PESTLE ANALYSIS    Political- the capital of the country always faces worse fate than the country. The country in its initial days was under monarch rule and it was only in the year 1997 that the constitutional amendment was made for holding general election. Thailand has been a country of political uncertainty, but somehow it has not caused much of a hassle to the retail market or to its tourism. The   elected of Tahksin was deposed by a military coup in 2006, due to the allegation of the   government being highly corrupt. The latest condition of the political scene is as follows: ‘The National Legislative Assembly (NLA) Wednesday passed a government draft bill to lift a ban on registering new political parties by 149 to 4 votes. The draft law is soon expected to take effective after receiving royal approval’ (The Nation politics). Because of the coup the market was affected, but every country has got its fair share of problem, and though there is a mount of political uncertainty, it is expected from the nation to let the markets and shops and tourism prevail in peace. Economic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bangkok is the high earning capital city of the nation. Thailand’s    economic can be assessed from the following :   Ã¢â‚¬ËœWith a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand appears to have fully recovered from the 1997-1998 Asian Financial Crisis. The country was one of East Asias best performers from 2002-04. Boosted by strong export growth, the Thai economy grew 4.5% in 2007. Bangkok has pursued preferential trade agreements with a variety of partners in an effort to boost exports and to maintain high growth. By 2007, the tourism sector had largely recovered from the major 2004 tsunami. Following the military coup in September 2006, investment and consumer confidence stagnated due to the uncertain political climate that lasted through the December 2007 elections. Foreign investor sentiment was further tempered by a 30% reserve requirement on capital inflows instituted in December 2006, and discussion of amending Thailands rules governing foreign-owned businesses. Economic growth in 2007 was due almost entirely to robust export performance despite the pressure of an appreciating currency. Exports have performed at record levels, rising nearly 17% in 2006 and 12% in 2007’ (CIA world fact book).Bangkok can be considered as a metropolitan city as it has the infrastructure that is required can be compared to other western nations. Socio Cultural  Ã‚   Bangkok like any other metropolitan city has its chare of foreigners staying, thus enriching the culture and the heritage. Out of the total population it is estimated that 94% are Buddhists, the rest are Muslims, Christians and Hindus and also some other religions. Apart from the usual partition of the rich and the poor, Bangkok and also the whole of Thailand also suffer from the heat of AIDS. The no. of AIDS patients has increased tremendously, killing mostly the young people of the nation. The people of the city however are avidly interested in different types of cuisines and also shopping. Most of the generation of the country is pretty much young and also the female population is higher than the men in the country. The country’s educational trend can be assessed by the following: ‘The adult literacy rate among Thailand population too has gone up from 78.6 in 1970 to 95 percent in 1997.   The trend, however, reversed after the economic crises, as the literacy rate went down to 93.1 in 2000.   It is estimated that literate population of 15 years and above will reach to 97 percent in the year 2010’ (World health Organization).    Technological  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The country and especially the city rides on technology. The latest technology is all grasped by the youth and the city can be seen using technology well for its advancements. Environment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As most of the cities in the world, Bangkok is also fighting a losing battle with pollution like the rest of the major cities. However it is still less compared to that of other cities like Beijing and New Delhi, but still the rate of pollution is pretty high. Bangkok has beautiful flora and fauna and tourists from all over the world flock the city and around it to get mesmerized in its beauty. Marketing Strategy Bangkok is a place that is booming with the retail sector and more and more people are getting attracted to it. Thailand over the period of years has seen a huge rise in the purchase power of the consumer. The following will help cement the fact about budding scope of retail business in Bangkok: ‘The retail sector has been active throughout the year while protests from small local retailers against national discount stores were growing. However foreign retailers shrugged off the protests and continued to open stores nationwide. The biggest retail development is Siam Paragon, a joint venture between Bangkok Intercontinental Hotels Co (BIHC) and the Mall Group’ (Amazing Thailand). The hunger for having more and more retail stores is endless in the city. It is has been planned of having the outlet in ‘Siam Paragon’. This edifice had been constructed after the tearing put a star rated hotel and the way it has been constructed has been a marvel for most, a sit it is considered as one of the best malls in Asia. This mall caters to the rich and the moderately wealth people. To have a store in the edifice would firstly mean that the That the organization could cater to people who are well to do and also mainly the people who come in the upper middle class section. With thousands of people visiting the mall everyday, the shop couldn’t be in any better place in Thailand for that matter. Topshop has a tradition of delivery fashion quickly. This is possible because of manufacturing units being in nearby locations or in nearby countries. Topshop can also open up a manufacturing unit in Thailand, as here the labor is considerably cheap. This would have two major advantages, which are as follows. The basic cost of the clothing line would come down, which in turn would increase more profits at lower costs. From Malaysia, Topshop can export to other Asia countries that are closer like Malaysia and Singapore. The entire export unit would have to face lower costs for manufacturing and warehousing as costs compared to eastern European countries and United Kingdom is much cheaper hence Topshop would have an outlet at the busiest and the most happening mall of Thailand and would have costs that would be marginal as local labor and resource would be used to get the trade moving. The creative department can also do something for the clothes lineups on the basis of Thai silk, which is supposed to be the best and affordable silk in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The announcement of the arrival of Topshop can be made with a lot of fanfare, which would include local celebrities as brand ambassadors and also lots of publicity can be arranged through the print media. Competitor Analysis Bangkok has many outlets of leading brands, but most of them are not legal bands and a huge population of branded clothes available is duplicate with made in China references. Topshop frankly doesn’t have much competition to face in the city, as the brand itself is very popular on its own. However it would have to watch out for not getting into the piracy and duplicity scandal of clothing line going well in Thailand. Integrated Marketing communications    The publicity of Topshop can be done with popular links and websites of the nation. SEO’s can be put up in websites which has gaming to newspapers to current trendy social networking sites of the city. This kind of publicity would strengthen the integrated marketing campaign of the company and would ensure more and more orders via the internet.    Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Location of the outlet Brand still unknown in Asia   Can use the labor, and start the in fashionable line up for Bangkok at nominal costs Could become a victim of duplicity of clothes lines. Conclusion    It can be assessed from the following report the current situation of the company and its desire to open up an outlet in Bangkok. Bringing the outlet in Thailand would globalize the company on Asian terms, as Bangkok is one of the major access points of Asia. Not only Asians but also people from all over the world come and visit this enticing city. Bringing an outlet to a place where it could get recognition from all four corners is one of the best business future expansion a company can have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company from here can only expand, if it can keep a check over a few shoddy elements. Once the market of Bangkok is captured, then it can be assumed that Topshop has made its major entry in Asia, even though it has its outlets in other Asian countries. Works cited: Topshop official website. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.topshop.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/TopCategoriesDisplay?storeId=12556catalogId=19551 The nation politics, â€Å"Ban on political activities lifted†. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/07/18/politics/politics_30041398.php Central Intelligence Agency, The world fact Book, â€Å"Thailand† . Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html World health organization, â€Å"TRENDS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT†. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section313/Section1525_10862.htm Amazing Thailand, â€Å"Thailand’s economy†. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.amazing-thailand.com/Economy.html â€Å"Siamparagon’s official website†. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.siamparagon.co.th/v3/index2.html â€Å"Political crisis in Thailand†. Accessed on April 28, 2008 from http://www.anu.edu.au/thaionline/Political%20Crisis%20in%20Thailand.pdf Hadley freeman, â€Å"Topshop will open in New York, with help from Moss†. November 29th Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/nov/29/lifeandhealth.fashion RUTH LA FERLA, New York Times, â€Å"But Will It Play in Manhattan?† July 21st Accessed on April 28, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/21/business/worldbusiness/21topshop.html Jasmine Smith, â€Å"Topshop’s turnaround†. June 6th Accessed on April 28, 2008 from site http://www.insideretailing.com.au/articles-page.aspx?articleType=ArticleViewarticleId=651

Dental office Essay Example for Free

Dental office Essay On my first visit to the dental office during my preschool age, I admired the way my dentist handled patients who were close to my age. I also had a good lesson on oral hygiene and prevention of oral disease. At that time, I felt that being a pediatric dentist is a challenging field because normally, young children have fears in seeing a dentist for the first time. They fear the pain of the needles and tooth extraction. Whenever we talk to people, watch singers perform, see actors and actresses in movies and television and look at billboard and print commercials, we cannot help but notice their teeth when they smile. I have always admired people with good sets of teeth and I sometimes wish that I can also help those who are in need of dental treatment. I believe that our teeth serve as mirrors to our souls. Having a good and healthy gums and teeth can make us smile and talk at ease. When a person loses his teeth due to an accident or congenital defect, he may be reluctant to smile and he may not be able to talk properly. I want to go into the field of dentistry so I can reach out to the indigent people who could not see a dentist due to lack of finances or dental insurance. I want them to know about the importance of person and professional care in the prevention of dental disorders. I also intend to participate in the dental mission and render my service to the less fortunate people who are living in developing countries. This is my way of sharing my knowledge and blessings to others. After completing the course in Dentistry, I intend to work and hone my skills as a dentist. While working, I will study and specialize in cosmetic dentistry so I can help those who are unhappy with their smiles. I believe that a smile is a powerful language that even babies can understand. I want to focus on improving the appearance of a persons teeth, mouth, and smile. I desire to perform mouth reconstruction to treat the functional problems with the bite, muscles, teeth, and bone structure of some patients.

Ethnics Of Orang Asli Theology Religion Essay

Ethnics Of Orang Asli Theology Religion Essay Lanoh is one of the ethnics of Orang Asli original people from Malaysia. Previously, Lanoh used to be nomads but now many of them stay permanently in Hulu Perak,a district of Perak. Lanoh people are officially classified under the Negrito subgroup but in term of the language they use the Temiar language. Most Lanoh are dark-skinned and have frizzy hair. Their features resemble the Papua New Guinean or east African people. Location Lanoh as well as other Semang people remained in low-land areas, Near Malays settlement. They prefer to live near river valleys, which is the most foot-hills, The low population density of Lanoh people in pre-resettlement time has caused them to spread between a few principle villages and campsites (basically in Perak area. Among their villages are Air Bah, Tawai, and Cenawi village. Last time, the Lanoh villages and camp[s were small, with a population rarely exceeding thirty or thirty-five people. Last time, they were also had a mobile lifestyle but it ended after Malaysias independence (1957). On 1993, Air Bahs status as resettlement village was finalized when a two-storey mosque was elevated to house Muslim proselytizers during their intermittent to the village. Within the plan of Malay nation state, the Lanoh way of life , like that of Orang Asli , had undergone remarkable changes , many due to land loss, logging, deforestation, new forms of subsistence and commercial activities. Since 1980s , the Lanoh people were regrouped and permanently resettled ,primarily in the village of Air Bah. They have been struggling to reconcile these changes with their cultural values and customary of life. Their house has Temiar-style structure which is more stable than their Lanoh-style lean-to-shelters . They prefer to stay in those houses compared to the large government-supplied plank houses. The size of the houses does not necessarily reflect peoples status or ethnic affiliation. In term of life style, people in Air Bah prefer to spend time with whom they feel close , not necessarily their conjugal family members. Beliefs . Most Lanoh people practice ethnic religion (66%), 33% of them are Muslims and 1% of them are Christians http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=12987rog3=MY .They have a belief of naturalism: Plants and animals energize the own spiritually bestowing upon humans a humbling experience of bondage and love for nature. They also practice an unwritten law that all of the animals caught in the forest should suffer no pain in captivity. According to people in Air Bah, a shaman is a person who can teach the young people stories and good things about Lanoh. Previously, Lanoh shamans also believed to posses invaluable powers such as they could talk to elephants, the guardian father of the Lanoh, and as guide people in spiritual roads. Marriage and family For Lanoh people, they dont restrict marriage between ethnics or subgroups and they are more linear. They get to choose their own partner and their parents will not interfere in their relationship. If a couple are living together, they are consider married. There is no wedding celebration, but the bride will just have to give some presents to the bride groom and his in laws. Only young couples get divorce and usually, the Lanoh people do not get divorce if they already have a child. They belief that after labor, a woman cannot touch the ground for two weeks and salt cannot be added into their food for two to three months after labor. They also cannot consume oily food. Death When someone died, the chief of the village and nearest family members will be told about the news. After the dead body is cleaned, for women, they will put on their jewelries such as ring, necklace and bracelets. Then the dead body will be wrapped in a clean new cloth and then wrapped in a mat. The same procedure applies to a mans body except they are wrapped without jewelries. At the cemetery, a 2 meters hole will be digged and the dead body will be buried with their belongings. Then two sticks will be placed on their grave to represent where is the head and where is the legs. At the head part, relatives will light a fire so that wild animals wont come near the grave. If the husband died, the wife cannot wears make up for 7 days. KENSUI TRIBE At the edge of the Baling district area, there is an indigenous settlement known as the Perkampungan Orang Asli Lubok Legong. It is located at the Mukim Siong, 13 km from Pekan Baling and 188 km from Bandaraya Alor Setar. This settlement is own by the indigenous people of the Kensiu tribe. Based on the Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli (2003) information, this settlement is the only one available for the indigenous people of the Kensui tribe, this is the sole Negrito exist in Kedah and generally the peninsular of Malaysia. Due to their resemblance to the Negro in Africa, they are classified as the Negrito. History Based on the research done by Dr. Iskandar Carey (1970), from his visit to the Perkampungan Orang Asli in Kampung Lalang around 1968 and 1969, the Kensui tribe has their own settlement. Even though the early history had stated that they lived in norm. This tribe was said to have the smallest number of people compared to the other orang asli tribes in Malaysia. There were also said to be the oldest tribe.Basically the Kensui tribe was said to have family relations at Kampung Rai, Yala, Thailand.While based on the facts, the Kensui people orinigated from Kuala Kedau and Ulu Legong. During the Japanese invasion to Tanah Melayu between 1941 and 1942, the Kensui tribe had escaped all around the Baling district mostly to the Parit Panjang, Kampung Bendang Man di Sik, Kampung Sg. Celak and Kampung Tiak di Kupang, Baling. Nowadays, settlements have been build by the government which is the Perkampungan Orang Asli Kampung Lubuk Legong. The Kensui tribe has been residencing there since 1957 at the No 3623 lot which was offered in the year 1958 as the Rezab Orang Asli with an area of 428 acres. According to M.W. Tweedie, a historian had stated in his book Pre-History, those who live in the peninsular which are known as the Negrito had existed since 8000 BC living in caves and hunting animals. During the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic period around 5000 BC, Kedah was used to be inhabited by the Austronesia which became the ancestors of the Negrito, Sakai and the other tribes. Its hard to describe the physical characteristics of the Negrito due to their division into 4 subgroups of the Kensui tribe known as Mos, Nakil (atau Dalem), Hetot and Tanjen. Overall they have fine-small curly hairs, dark in colour skin and average height of 5 feet below, they have wide iris similar to the West African and most of them are similar to the New Guinea indigenous, Papuans. The identity of the Kensui tribe can solely be described by their culture, material and their life style. They show little to none agricultural practise. This may be due to their origin as one of the fully nomadic indigenous people. Their culture includes the practice of nose piercing and residence build for temporary shelter from the weather and wind. The Kensui tribe moves from one place to another for hunting and scavenging food as well as forest materials. They would move to another place if they found that the area is no longer productive. Work arrangements For the adults of the Kensui tribe, rubber tapping is one of their daily routine. The Projek Getah Mini Estet Fasa 1 dan 2 conducted through RISDA was a success for them. The society gained interest of RM200.00 per month for each family. But there are still among them that are unable to perform the work. Besides that, The Kensui tribe are still practice scavenging forest material to be sold to the outside society and for their own usage. They also have skills producing various handcrafts form the forest materials. Some of the people also work as labour in farms. The society of the indigenous people from the Kampung Lubuk Legong are under the supervision of the pentadbiran Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli (JHEOA) Perak dan Kedah operating in Ipoh, Perak. While at district level, it is under the pentadbiran Pejabat Hal Ehwal Orang Asli Daerah Hulu Perak dan Baling operating in Grik, Perak. In every village, a leader was appointed as the penghulu among themselves to hold the responsibility of governing the village and a Jawatankuasa Kemajuan Kampung (JKKK) was established to help the government. For now, the title penghulu is hold by Encik Rosman Bin Isa. He is the fourth appointed penghulu. Education level The education levels among the Kensui tribe are extremely low compared to the other indigenous tribes. The numbers of educated people are too little. According to the penghulu of the tribe, the year 2005 has been a history to them for one of them had successfully graduated from a form 1 level education which was the highest level of education until now. Marriage customs and family institutions The life concept which prioritised equality and similarity reflects from the whole life style of the society. Most of the Kensui societies in the settlement have a close relation with each other. There are only two people that had married a Malay woman from the Kampung Baru and one had married an Indonesian. Those who are Islam in the Kensui tribe gets married based on the syariat and the law of the Islamic family. Their marriages were conducted by the religion officer from the Jabatan Agama Islam Negeri Kedah. While for those who are practising animism, their marriages are based on their believes. There are no ceremonies held for the marriage. When a man reaches a time of age where he would like to be married, he just need to get the approval of the women he wants to marry without needing the blessing of both of her parents. If the woman agrees, the man would send her materials in the form of cloth, knife and tobacco to the womans father as a sign that the marriage was on. Later on they would live together as a sign they have married. In the family system of the Kensui society, the family relations are bilateral meaning that it is based on the decent of both parents based on the mens generation There are still abstinence ban practices until now in the family institution of the Kensui society, such as bride is not allowed to interact with the groom and vice versa. The groom is also forbid to interact with the mother-in-law, while the male and the female relatives which are not married are forbidden to interact with their sister and brother-in-laws, nor to speak of their names. They would use an intermediate for any interactions required with the father and the in-laws. Marriages between people of the same tribe are normal but there are some that had married with the Temiar tribe from Perak. Most of the Kensui people are Muslim, 163 of them had convert to Islam while 80 of them remains with animism. They have their own tradisional cultural performance know as the Sewang dance. During the performance, they would wear clothing made out of plants a head ornament made out of coconut leaves. Social organisation The traditional life of the Kensui combines five to six families forming a group. In most cases, all of the family members in a settlement or a camp have close family relations or cognate tribe. Each of the group is led by the oldest member, but he does not have any specific title, one of the leaders will be chosen based on the age, experience and knowledge in faith healing care and mysticism factor. The chief will have the power to make decision such as where so set camp and the time to move but it is still subject based on the view and advice from the member that he is leading. Generally the concept of having a leader is less stressed in the society at group level, they are more concentrate on egalitarian and solidarity. The important element in a social organisation is the family nucleus consisting of husband, wife and child. The settlements for the Negrito are called the kumpulan tabir angin where the society would live under a roof as a momentary shelter. They babies would be would cradle in turns during the moving, with every group consisting a husband, wife and child but only the little ones can stay with them. For boys who are older than 7 years old will have a separate shelter not far from their parents, as for the girls will live in the same shelter with their parents but separated by a bond fire between their beds. All of the decision which are made falls under the fathers decision for he is the head of the family The social organisation of the Kensui tribe in Baling has changed a lot. They have live in kampung Lubuk Lenggong for a long time that the nomad life style has been less practised nowadays. This is due to the existence of a permanent settlement build by JHEOA and supervised by the entire agency. The organisation has also changed, replaced by a settlement unit under the leadership of a penghulu. The penghulu still has his authority to maintain their traditions, but the mode of his appointment has changed based on 2 categories which are descendent and election The basic requirement for a penghulu is that he should be able to read and write the allowance given to the penghulu is based on categories which are A, B and C. these categories are based on the development of the members in the academic and so on. Beliefs The Kensui people believe are the same as the other Negritos, a large number of them still holds on to their traditional believes. This believes promotes the importance of Tok Batin, Karei and Menoi as beings with a ultimate power. The symbol of this power has an eternal nature and it is also regarded as the existence of a supernatural power or a living soul known as the orang hidup or the human that lives forever. The symbol of power and the depletion of power between human and those that live forever are called Cenoi. Cenoi tapn has been regarded as the same level with god or sultan. Cenoi Tapn has the characteristics of a mawas (tawo). The top part of his body is young while the bottom part is old. Cenoi Tapn was said to control the life of the Kensui society and that his anger would be conveyed through thunder and lightning (Kaei). This system was preserved and controlled by the authority known as the Halak, which plays a part as the intermediate between the Kensui people with th e one that holds the ultimate power in their believes. Halak also plays a role in the traditional medicine practice. Both system of medicine and religion consist of ceremony known as the panoh, which involves dancing and singing. Another ritual conducted for the same purpose is called sawan, which also combines singing and dancing in the process. The obedience to both of the system is also reflected through the respect, taboos, values and norms of society. The Halak also known as the Tok pawang are believed to be able to enter the spirit world by making themselves high. Tok pawang was believed to be able to connect with the Chinoi and sometimes becomes the intermediate for help in their agriculture. But nowadays, almost half of the Kensui society has convert to Islam. Language The Kensui have their own language to communicate. But nowadays Malaysian language has been the language used among them. Almost all of the Kensui people are able to speak in Bahasa Malaysia. Even though the old folks are still rusty in speaking in Malaysian language they do understand the language. There are also small children that are unable to speak in their original language due to the mix marriage and the interaction with the outsiders. Some of them can also speak in Thai language. For those that ave relationship with the Temiar tribe they can also speak their language. Burenhult (2001) states that the commonly inherited words of Kensiu would include basic semantic categories including body parts, certain animal and plant terms, natural phenomena like fire, stone, water, basic activities and states like die, eat, stand, walk, basic qualities such as big, small , personal pronouns such as I and you etc. Some of the native Kensiu words for jungle, hill, water tree, leaf and fruit s are kaheb, laheb, betiu, tom ihuk, helik and kebek respectively. The Kensiu also have rich and diverse lexical items associated with their natural environment particularly, the flora and the fauna. Some of them include awei (rattan), ihuk peng (gaharu), sieh (betel leaves), peyang (tapioca), emet (tiger), pelik (bats), ikop (snake), kensen (fox), jelong (flies), nguak (butterflies) and awai (tortoise), just to name a few. Among the exotic animals caught by the Kensius include the protected species, the Malayan Pengolin, Kensiu term, mantei. They are normally exchanged for cash to the local Chinese in the nearby town. Known for their aphrodisiac property, they usually fetch a good price. Malay loan words Beside those commonly inherited words of flora and fauna, there is also evidence to suggest substantial borrowing of words from Malay language. The findings of this study show that Kensiu language has a high number of lexical items that have been borrowed from Malay. Out of 255 lexical items given to the respondents in the study, 149 (58.4%) of the elicited lexical items were Malay loan words. In addition to this, there are also extensive Kensiu words which are code mixed with Malay words e.g. kutip kebek (kutip buah), kumpul awei (kumpul rotan), tom bungak (pokok bunga), bilik betew (bilik air). The findings of the study also reveal that lexical items that are associated with modern living and technologies are all Malay borrowings. They include pensil (pencil), radio (radio), telefon bimbit (hand phone), bas (bas), doktor (doctor). This extensive Malay borrowing suggests their ongoing interaction with Malay speakers. It should be mentioned here that the Kensiu community in this study are in constant interaction with the Malays as their settlement area in Lubuk Legong is in close proximity with the Malay villages. SEMAI TRIBE Background The Malay Island had been inhabited by human that were known as Austronesian or Malay-Polynesia around 5000 years ago according to the historical researchers. They were said to have originated from South of China and Taiwan. Their migration to south was done starting from the Philippines heading towards the Indonesian Islanad until the edge of the mainland Asia, Pacificislands and Madagascar. The Semai are a semi sedentary people living in the center of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia , known especially for their nonviolence. The Semai is one of the tribes that belong to the Senoi ethnic group. It is thought that the Semai are the remnants of the original, ancient and widespread population of Southeast Asia. According to Keene State Colleges Orang Asli Archive, in 1991 there were 26,627 Semai living on the Malay Peninsula. Northwest Pahang and south Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, central mountain area. This number has increased in recent years with the advent of better nutrition as well as improved sanitation and healthcare practices. These numbers, however, does not include other peoples of Semai or mixed descent, most of whom have assimilated into other cultures and have abandoned their ancestral tribal lands in order to seek better employment and education opportunities, especially in the larger cities. Language The Semai people speak Semai language, an Austro-Asiatic language belonging to the Mon-Khmer language family. But most of Semai people in Malaysia have knowledge of Malay language and they can speak well in Malay. Semai people are very tolerant person and they did not force other people to do things that they do not like it. For example, the word  Bood  has a very interesting meaning. It means not feeling like doing something, for any reason, for example, sickness, shyness or laziness. If it is translated into todays language, it is simply one of our fundamental rights, the right to say no!. The children of Semai are taught the concept of bood from an early age. If a parent asks a child to do something and the child replies I bood, in other words, I dont feel like doing, the matter is closed. The parents would not force their children to do something that they do not want to do. The Semais children Spirituality and beliefs Most of Semai people are animist but but a large minority profess Christianity. They are still gripped by their old beliefs. The Semais main festival is the Genggulang. It is a festive ritual to appease land spirits for a good harvest where the people worship the rice spirit. In this ritual, the spirit is offered with sacrificial chickens, flowers, and unhusked rice. Nowadays, the festival has lost much of its religious meaning, as it has become more of a cultural event similar to the way Chinese celebrate Lunar New Year or Westerners celebrate Christmas. Besides that, Chuntah is another festive ritual that is performed to make the evil spirits leave. Chuntah is performed in the middle of a storm where a man collects rain in a bamboo container until it is full, he then gashes his skin and lets the blood run into the container. The Semai usually have restrictions on eating animals that straddle two groups. Snakes are usually not eaten because moving menhar (animals that lives on the or in the trees) have legs, but snakes live on land, so the Semai consider this unnatural. CULTURE Marriage The day of their marriage, there are several things that the bride and the grooms need to do, which are : -both of them need to berinai at their own houses. -the grooms needs to cut their hair -both of them needs to take a bath with a water that contains a few slices of lemon that have been spell for a good reason. After that the bride and the groom will wear their beautiful wedding dress in their respective houses. The bride will be wearing the wedding dress that have been given by the groom which are called salin tiga dress. Because they have been bath with spiritual lemon water, there are a few orders that mst be followed by both of them , -in a duration of 3 days they are not allowed to leave their village because they might be disturbed by the evil spirits. -in a duration of 7 days also they are not allowed to leave their village for the same reason. C:UsersfarhanDocumentsstudysem 2H.Eru_01.2.jpg The bride Birth When the wife is pregnant, there are a few things that both of the parents must not do to protect the baby and to get a healthy babies. -They cant get close to animals that they believe can harm the baby such as tortoise, monkeys, and snakes. -The fathers family members are not allowed to installing or nailing any part in the house. -They are not allowed to be near to death people. -Not allowed to eat venison, pork and partridge meat. To determine the date of the baby will be born and the health of the baby, the mother will meet the village midwife. The midwife will be the responsible person to stay with the mother until the baby are born. After the baby had born, the mother will abstain for a month. In confinement, the mother are not allowed to eat vegetables, fish without scales , fish that are venomous, chillies, cooking oil, coconut cold water except coffee and warm water. The mothers are only being served or only eat rice with grilled fish or fish that are cooked without oil. They are also not allowed to take a bath with cold water. They can only bath in river after the confinement but need to have a talisman. The ingredients needed for the talisman are a few of small stones, flour and turmeric. The half of the turmeric need to be chew by the mother and spit in the river while the small stones will be seeding in upstream and downstream of the river. Then the mother can take a bath in the river. Death When there is a death in the village, all the members of the village will gather around the house of the person who had died and stop their other work because they are afraid that the spirit of the person will get angry. The body will be buried the next day, so at night all the villagers will stand guard at the house of the person who died until morning to make sure that the bad spirit will not bother the dead person. Flame will be lit around the house to chase away bad spirit that cause the dead of the person. The children will be given talisman by smudging charcoal on both of their eyebrows or on both of their sole. Before the body was buried, it will be wash and wrapped with a new cloth or white cloth then with a mats and it will be buried into a grave of one meter deep. Before overlain, 3 clod of soil that have mix with charcoal will be placed on both of the ears and at the chest of the dead man. It is to cut off the ties between the dead man and his family. If it is not done, they believe that the family of the dead man will fall sick and eventually die. After being buried, a crafted wooden block is placed on the grave as marker then food, water and cigarettes that have been light up are paced on the grave for 6 days. On the sixth day, the crafted wood that were place on the grave is burnt to show that the spirit of the death person has gone to another world. It is then replace by tombstone and one of the family members will hold the tombstone and speak out the death person name to wake up his spirit to fete the food and drinks that have been placed on the grave. Home and taboos There are 4 different kinds of houses that the Semai people have in one village, which are : Yeau Home (Deg Yeau) Ran Home (Deg Ran) Bunch of Banana Home (Deg Pisang Sesikat) Ordinary Home Furthermore, for Semai people there are a few taboos that they should follow to make sure that they are not being harm by the bad spirits or the Nyanik (demons) and to have a peaceful life. MAH MERI TRIBE The  Mah Meri  is one of the 18 groups named by the Malaysian government Orang Asli living in West Malaysia. They are of the  Senoi  subgroup. Most of the members of the Mah Meri tribe live along the coast of South Selangor from  Sungei Pelek  up to  Pulau Carey, although there is at least one Mah Meri Community on the other side of the  Klang River. According to the Orang Asli Office of the Malaysian government,  they numbered around 2200 in 2005.Most of the Mah Meri live in small villages (kampungs) on the fringes of other cities and on Pulau Carey, which has five separate villages of Mah Meri. There is no information on their origin, but the Mah Meri tribe claims to have walked the earth for as long as one can remember. They live in the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, and Johor. The Mah Meri language, sometimes also called  Besisi  is one of the  Mon-Khmer  language groups but has also borrowed from Malay. Mah Meri Villages Name of Villages The Nearest Town Kampung Orang Asli Bukit Bangkong Sungei Pelek Kampung Orang Asli Tg Sepat Kampung Orang Asli Sungei Kurau Pulau Carey Kampung Orang Asli Sungei Judah Pulau Carey Kampung Orang Asli Sungei Bumbun Pulau Carey C:UsersFaizDesktopmah meriimages (2).jpgC:UsersFaizDesktopmah meriZA (34).jpgC:UsersFaizDesktopmah meriimages (1).jpg Lifestyle Living in small wooden houses set in harmony with the surrounding forces of nature, the Mah Meri prefer to remain forest people. Hence in their villages, life seems relatively untouched by modern progress. They are known for their woodcarving skills, yet their economic activity remains rooted in agriculture and fishing. They resist employment outside of their community. The Mah Meri are soft-spoken and trusting with a propensity to laugh in the face of adversity. While the adults carry out their daily economic activities, the children often ride their fathers bicycles and play their favorite games with sticks, seeds, and other objects. Surprisingly, the Mah Meri community has managed to preserve a tradition of spiritual woodcarving that is truly world class in terms of quality of its craft and artistry. The art, which has rich mythological meanings behind the images and symbols, is handed down from father to son. As not many people seem interested in such animistic carvings, the young Mah Meri do not see it as a profitable trade. C:UsersFaizDesktopmah meriimages.jpg Religion Primary religion : Ethnic religion Major Religions: C:UsersFaizDesktopmah meriimages (3).jpg Buddhism 0.00 % Christianity 0.00 % (Evangelical: 0.00 %) Ethnic Religions 67.00 % Hinduism 0.00 % Islam 33.00 % Non-Religious 0.00 % Other / Small 0.00 % Marriage Mah Meri also inquire charity ceremony, engagement and wedding as the Malay community. The difference is only maintained their customary ceremonial demon exorcisms in its own way, as well as ritual held to inform the ancestors that their grandchildren will hold their wedding ceremony. The event was considered important to ensure that the marriage ceremony is safe, secure, blessed and happy until the children and grandchildren. In the suit, Tok Batin will see the groom preparations to carry to the proposal such as gold rings, cosmetics, kidney stone bowl and requirements such as mortar and other ceremonial. The bride undergoes sharpening teeth. Sharpen the teeth is considered an important custom made. Use of black cloth as a marker placed on the tooth to be sharpened tooth spacing. Ring will be used to sharpen teeth flat and then smoked. This aims to make the prospective bride is always radiant and prevent tetanus during the wedding ceremony.      Mah Meri play traditional Aboriginal musical instrument to celebrate the bride on marriage. However, the desire of the men would like to have a girl of his choice will be disqualified even if the proposal and the wedding day is set, if the expenses for the purpose of the event is not sufficient. If only in the past three months, the men failed to provide a tight, self agreement is considered void and the groom are doing fraud against Tok Batin. As with any other kind of ethnic wedding, they are also making preparations to provide the dais. They will decorate the dais cooperate by putting various patterns woven palm leaves and brightly colored flowers in every corner stage. Touch use palm leaves used by indigenous peoples Mah Meri quarter of uniqueness and difference is displayed with other indigenous tribes in the country. At the ceremony, the wedding ceremony begins with the groom shaman leads a group of girls together turn circles around the bride and smoked nets covered with incense. Ceremony was to cast out demons and avoid bad things. Rotation seven times and on the last lap, the groom should get the bride and flower turns. When the wedding ceremony, a ritual performed as a symbolic coin toss to determine the direction of freedom bride living in the household. During makan beradab, monitoring will ensure the bride eat and ended simultaneously so that they live a happy and long lasting household coped. If one of the bride in advance of their meal, it is believed that the commission will invite accidents in the household in the f

Laughter as Therapy in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey Ess

Laughter as Therapy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey Laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel One flew over the cuckoo’s nest by Ken Kesey laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter also proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mcmurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (p.16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. No body knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making people uneasy. This showed how far away the patients were from reality. The chief says (22) â€Å"I see he is making every body over their uneasy, with all his kidding and joking.† Then right after he starts connecting to the patients and the Acutes actually show some sign of a smile (23) â€Å"The Acutes are grinning now not so uneasy any more glad that something out of the ordinary is happening.† Only after 8 pages there is progress already seen in the patients with laughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chief Bromden states â€Å"The air is pressed in by the walls to tight to let loose and laugh.† Before Mcmurphy arrives it is true. After his presence is recognized by the patients Mrs. Ratcheds grip over the institution starts loosing its hold. The first thing the patients do to start breaking her hold is start the gambling. They gamble for money even though it’s against ward policy. Little by little the patients show improvement with themselves it is portrayed by the ability not just to laugh but laugh at their own qualities. This occurs in the climax of the novel during the fishing trip (p215). When every ones lines tangle up and they start laughing at each other and themselves that is when they know that they aren’t really that crazy. They knew they were getting better. â€Å"They could sense the change that most of us were only suspecting; these weren’t the same bunch of weak-knees from a nut house.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nurse ratched lost a lot of her power once the patients kne... ...y different reasons. Some people even laugh when something horrible occurs, it is a method of escape from what horrors or mishaps are going on around you. â€Å"Many psychotherapists find humor a valuable tool in helping their patients to solve their social and emotional problems.† (G. Samuel) Chief bromden was having many problems once he learned to laugh especially at him self he was mostly cured. He was considered a chronic but after Mcmuprhy showed him that he has the ability to laugh and coincide with a group he was some what cured. â€Å"jokes and commissions enable individuals to defend against anxieties, fear, anger, and other disturbing emotions.†(G. Samuel) This was true in the chief’s and Harding’s case. Both of them left the institution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Laughing is resorted to in times where we need to laugh. It’s an escape from reality, its comfort, its fear. Laughing subdues any emotion that is too high strung in our system. It lets it vapor out in a melancholy form that helps us cope with problems that no one else can really understand and help us with. In One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest it allowed emotional tension escape from the patients and made nurse Ratched lose her ward.

Melba Patillo and the Arkansas Nine :: Racial Segregation Integration

Melba Patillo changed history by enduring one of the first high school integration in history. Without Melba's bravery and endurance we would not have black people and white people together in the same building, much less in the same schools. Melba and the other eight black students spent one gruesome year at Central High, which is located in Little Rock, Arkansas. They not only tried to socialize and study, they had to go to press conferences concerning integration and were forced to ride in a car driven by soldiers. They had to be alert every second for the entire year in order to survive. These nine kids, also known as the Arkansas Nine, have showed the world that they can beat segregation. Nineteen hundred fifty seven was a horrible time in Little Rock, Arkansas. Segregationists were opposed to the blacks having any power and threw racial words at black people. There was a large lawsuit about integration in Little Rock in 1952 that wanted to have black students attend an all white school. Unfortunately, a petition was filed opposing black kids going to an all white school. Miraculously ,May 17, 1954 was the surprising day that the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Their ruling stated that segregating public schools made them unequal and was illegal. Segregationists did whatever it was necessary to stop the integration in Central High School. Gov. Faubus tried to stall the integration by having two hundred witnesses testtify in opposition. Fortunately with the help of the NAACP, the court decided to make the integration work in 1957. The school year was exhausting for the Arkansas Nine. The white students had to be mean to the Arkansas Nine or be threatened by segregationists if they helped the Arkansas Nine. Melba, One of the Arkansas Nine, was a strong warrior even as a baby. She was born on Pearl Harbor Day with a scalp infection. The nurse did not tell Mother Lois how to get rid of had the infection, because she said “We do not coddle with n---------s.” If it was not for the janitor eavesdropping on the doctor telling the nurse about the cure, and telling Mother Lois, Melba would not have lived to become a warrior at the school.

Hamlet - Revenge A Chain Reaction :: essays research papers

Hamlet Revenge: A Chain Reaction     In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is repeated numerous times throughout the play and involves a great deal of characters. Of these characters, eight are dead by the end of the play by result of murder which was initiated through revenge. Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict among many characters.     Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict between Hamlet and Claudius. In Act I, scene 5, Hamlet is visited by the ghost who was his father. The ghost makes Hamlet aware of his murderous death when he tells Hamlet of how Claudius had killed him. The ghost says this to Hamlet regarding Claudius, "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." This is where Hamlet is first inrtoduced to the revenge plot between himself and Claudius. Hamlet wants to insure that the ghost really was his dead father before he kills Claudius. To do this Hamlet has people act out the death of his father in front of Claudius and declares him guilty by his reaction to the play. " O good Horatio, I'll take the ghost's word for a thousand pound." Hamlet declares Claudius' guilt to Horatio and now realizes that he must continue on with his revenge plot. The conflict between Hamlet and Claudius is delayed by Hamlet but does eventually occur in the last scene. Hamlet's mother has just died, Hamlet has been sliced by Laertes' poison sword, and Hamlet has just struck Laertes with a fatal blow when Laertes says that this was all brought on by Claudius. Hamlet, now realizing that there is no more time for him to delay his revenge, stabs Claudus and kills him. Revenge was the motive for the conflict between Hamlet and Claudius.     Shakespeare uses the revenge plot to create conflict between Laertes and Hamlet by having Laertes avenge his father's and sister's death which Hamlet is responsible for. After learning of his fathers unnatural death, Hamlet decides that he can no longer trust anyone, except for Horatio. While acting out his madness, he visited Ophelia and cut off his ties with her because of his distrust for everyone. In Act III, when Hamlet talks with his mother, he notices that he is being spied upon. Thinking that it is the king, Hamlet mistakingly kills Polonius who was hiding behind a big rug, which for some medeval reason, was hung on the wall. It is believed Ophelia herself went mad because of Hamlet's rude and violent treatment of her and also because Hamlet killed her father. In Act IV Ophelia's madness drives her to walk into the

Complex Adaptive System

In-class Paper #3November 8, 2011 Topic: Define what a complex adaptive system is and identify the characteristics of complex adaptive systems Discuss how complex adaptive systems influence health care and subsequently nursing practice. Use examples form your practice to convey your understanding of complexity as it relates to your nursing practice. Outline: Introduction: Complex adaptive system is a collection of individual agents with freedom to act in ways that are not always totally predictable and whose actions are interconnected so that one agent’s actions changes the context for other agents. (GPlsek, P. E. & Greenhalgh, T. 2001) Characteristics of complex adaptive systems are: unpredictable interconnected, unclear boundaries, constant changing members, members also belong to other systems, each member uses internalized rules (these can, and likely are, different for each person and are not fixed). Complex system can influence health care because they can create positiv e or negative outcomes, they influence other systems and create tension and paradox that may be difficult to solve Body: Because the complex adaptive system is always changing, and interconnected with other systems so it will create many difficulty in solving the problems.In clinical settings, student nurses have to think critically and take multiple approach in order to intervene or solve the problems. Give examples from clinical settings Conclusion: Restate the significances of complex adaptive system and how it can influence clinical settings as well as health care Health care is a complex system. There’re varieties of different professions in healthcare from nurses to doctors, specialist, paramedics†¦ and even the concept of health itself is very complex as there’re many determinants that can influence one’s health.Moreover, health care matches the definition of a complex adaptive system, which is a collection of individual agents with freedom to act in ways that are not always totally predictable and whose actions are interconnected so that one agent’s actions changes the context for other agents. (GPlsek, P. E. & Greenhalgh, T. , 2001). The characteristics of the complex adaptive system are that it is unpredictable nterconnected, have unclear boundaries, constant changing members, members also belong to other systems, each member uses internalized rules (these can, and likely are, different for each person and are not fixed). Therefore, in order to work effectively in such complex system, nurses are required to have the competence to adapt to the system’s characteristics and utilize their best skills and knowledge to solve complex cases in complicated situations. The complex adaptive system is unpredictable, interconnected and usually have unclear boundaries.For example, at my clinical setting, which is a French immersion elementary school, is an example of a complex adaptive system. The school itself is a complex system because the students in the school is not only comprised of English speakers, but also the French speakers populations, and the teachers needs to know both language in order to communicate, to teach the students effectively. Students also come from different backgrounds, they have different ethnicities and different personalities.However, the school’s motto is â€Å"Better Together† which promotes the interconnectivity as they needs to work together to achieve the school goals. The interconnectivity characteristic is also demonstrated in an unwanted accident happened at the school. Grade 3 students there really like to play soccer, however, one day, there was a fist fight broke out between two students during a soccer game during recess, consequently, in order to ensure safety and that no conflicts would occur in the future because of soccer, soccer is banned at the school.The banning of soccer at recess elucidated to us as nursing students and the school staff that we need to address and improve the problem solving skills for the grade 3 students in order to prevent similar undesired occurrence to happen in the future. At this point, the boundaries in the school is not clearly drawn as teach the Health class is not nursing students’ responsibility, but the school expressed their need to us and wants us to do some interventions about it.Therefore, we devised to talk to the grade 3 teachers and ask for permission to teach the health class on days that we are at the sites to implement our intervention and address the problem solving issues among students. In Health class, we decided to act out skits of conflicting situations and have the students to come up with their ideas using appropriate problem solving skills to resolve the conflicts. By doing that, we – nursing students are not only take on the role of the student nurses, we are also the health class teacher on Tuesday to the grade 3 students.This example demonstrates tha t the context of the complex adaptive system (elementary school) really influences our nursing practice as we take on the role of Health class instructors to enhance grade 3 student conflict management skills. We exemplifie The above analysis shows that the complex adaptive system and its unique characteristics has strongly influence nursing practice in different context. As a competent nurse, we have to have the critical thinking skills, being creative and adapting to any situation in order to come up with the best possible interventions.

The management team at Aldus Corporation

The management team at Aldus Corporation was considering a realistic shake-up of its existing food marketing strategies in order to suit the involve of the market more effectively. Initially, the success of the ingathering had been found on strategic alliances with large corporations such(prenominal) as Apple and IBM.These strategic alliances had facilitated entry to a large distribution network. The products marketing potential had withal been enhanced through technical upkeep which had helped both the business executive and the superior nontextual matter designer to make the nearly of the software.However this was a single product dodge which was no longer possible because the needs of the two market segments were diverging. For example, the market segment that consisted of business executives required greater user-friendliness magical spell the market segment that consisted of professional graphics designers required a greater set forth of functionalities.Therefore , the management team at Aldus had to produce strategies that would enable the existing organizational organize at Aldus to customize PageMaker to a greater extent to the needs of both segments.Although the proposed reorganization presented several difficult challenges, it was a viable one in light of the fact that both consumer segments were critical to maintaining Alduss clams potential.